Cum sa faci un Stick USB bootabil PCBios si UEFI plecand de la HBCD152

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Partitionare Stick cu geometrie CHS


Pentru linux cu de la Syslinux sau cu (la versiunea 2.37.2 inca poate fi folosit modul CHS)

Pentru windows cu sau , ambele au si versiuni portabile

Partitionare cu fdisk

Fata de partitionarea cu mkdiskimage nu se pierde timp cu formatarea partitiei de boot
Dintr-un terminat cu drept de root se identifica stick-ul USB cu cu lsblk
#lsblk -S|grep usb 
sdc  4:0:0:0  disk   USB DISK 3.0    PMAP 070128FD0775E894 usb
in cazul meu usb-ul e sdc
se demonteaza usb-ul daca e montat
#for div in $(mount |grep sdc|cut -d " " -f 1); do echo umount $div; umount $div; done
se sterg semnaturile de partitii cu wipefs si primele 62 sectoare cu dd
#wipefs -a -b /dev/sdc
wipefs -a va cauta toate tipurile, -b va face backup in /root/wipefs-sdc-0x0....bak, se va verifica apoi cu wipefs /dev/sdc* sa nu mai fie nimic
# dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdc bs=512 count=62 && sync
se calculeaza numarul de clindri pentru geometria H 255 S 63
#sect=$(fdisk -l /dev/sdc|grep "Disk /dev"|cut -d "," -f 4|cut -d " " -f 2) && cil=$(($sect/(255*63))) && echo $cil
pentru stick-ul meu obtin 7540

se intra in fdisk in mod dos si CHS daca acest lucru este permis
# fdisk -c=dos -u=cylinders -C 7540 -H 255 -S 63 /dev/sdc 
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.37.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.

DOS-compatible mode is deprecated.
Cylinders as display units are deprecated.

Command (m for help):

se identifica startul si sfarsitul spatiului liber
#F 
Command (m for help):  F
Unpartitioned space /dev/sdc: 57,77 GiB, 62026383872 bytes, 121145281 sectors
Units: cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Start   End   Sectors  Size
    1  7541 121145281 57,8G
se face prima partitie fat32 cu n -> p -> 1 -> 1 -> 1024
daca se vrea o partitie mai mica se va tine cont de dimensiunea unui cilindru pentru a calcula sfarsitul
de ex. pentru o partitie de 4GiB 4*1024*1024*1024/8225280=~522,17 ultimul cilindru va fi 522
#n 
Command (m for help): n
Partition type
   p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
   e   extended (container for logical partitions)
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1
First cylinder (1-7540, default 1): 1
Last cylinder, +/-cylinders or +/-size{K,M,G,T,P} (1-7540, default 7540): 1024

Created a new partition 1 of type 'Linux' and of size 7,8 GiB.
se schimba type in 0b cu t -> 0b si se face activa cu a
#t 
Command (m for help): t
Selected partition 1
Hex code or alias (type L to list all): 0b
Changed type of partition 'W95 FAT32 (LBA)' to 'W95 FAT32'.

Command (m for help): a
Selected partition 1
The bootable flag on partition 1 is enabled now.
se face a doua partitie ntfs cu n -> p -> 2 -> 1025 -> 7540
startul e dat sfarsit partitiei anterioare+1, se da enter pe valorile default mai putin pe cea de sfarsit daca se face partitie de KRD
daca se doreste partitie separata pentru KRD18 se scade cel putin 700MB din sfarsit
mai sus se observa ca un cilindru are 8225280 iar 1GB ocupa cam 122 cilindri sfarsit-ul va fi la 7418
Command (m for help): n
Partition type
   p   primary (1 primary, 0 extended, 3 free)
   e   extended (container for logical partitions)
Select (default p): p
Partition number (2-4, default 2): 2
First cylinder (1025-7540, default 1025):
Last cylinder, +/-cylinders or +/-size{K,M,G,T,P} (1025-7540, default 7540): 7418

Created a new partition 2 of type 'Linux' and of size 49 GiB.

Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1,2, default 2): 2
Hex code or alias (type L to list all): 07

Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'HPFS/NTFS/exFAT'.
pentru a treia partitie KRD cu n -> p -> 3 -> 7419 -> 7540 
Command (m for help): n
Partition type
   p   primary (2 primary, 0 extended, 2 free)
   e   extended (container for logical partitions)
Select (default p): p
Partition number (3,4, default 3): 3
First cylinder (7419-7540, default 7419): 
Last cylinder, +/-cylinders or +/-size{K,M,G,T,P} (7419-7540, default 7540): 

Created a new partition 3 of type 'Linux' and of size 957 MiB.

Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-3, default 3): 
Hex code or alias (type L to list all): 0c

Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'W95 FAT32 (LBA)'.
se salveaza cu w
#w

la formatare trebuie specificata geometria altfel se pierde 255/63
se formateaza si se pune label
#mkfs.fat -g 255/63 -F 32 -n "HBCD152" /dev/sdc1
se formateaza partitia quick , force si cu label
#mkfs.ntfs -H 255 -S 63 -Q -F -L "NTFS" /dev/sdc2
cu KRD part se formateaza si se pune label
#mkfs.vfat -g 255/63 -F32 -n "KRD18" /dev/sdc3

se poate trece la copierea fisierelor pe stick




Last update: 13/07/2023